Science & Nature

How Glaciers Shape the Land

A look at how slow rivers of ice carve valleys and leave rocky walls behind.

B29 min

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1High in cold mountains, snow falls faster than the warm summer sun can melt it.

2Year after year, the snow piles up and slowly turns into hard blue ice.

3When the ice becomes thick and heavy enough, it starts to move downhill.

4This slowly moving river of ice is what scientists call a glacier.

5Although it looks still, a glacier can travel several metres every single day.

6As it moves, the ice scrapes the rock beneath it like sandpaper.

7Stones trapped in the ice carve deep grooves into the valley floor.

8Over thousands of years, this grinding turns sharp valleys into wide curves.

9When the climate warms, the glacier melts and leaves its load of rocks behind.

10These rocky walls at the end of a glacier are called moraines.

11Many famous lakes and valleys were shaped by ice long before humans appeared.

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